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CFD simulations in Confined Public Parking Areas

CFD modelling (FLUENT) was used in Invalid BibTex Entry! to analyze H2 leak scenarios inside a commercial multi-story above-ground parking and a commercial multi-story below-ground parking. The study was based on parking a 5-passenger sedan with compressed H2 gas reservoir carrying capacity of 6 kg at 10,000 psi (689.5 bar) pressure. The HFCV was designed to comply with SAE J2578 and J2579 standards for H2 and fuel cells, which include provisions for safety systems onboard the vehicle. Such assumed mechanisms include the implementation of a hydrogen detector in each wheel well. Each detector was designed to signal a shut down and isolation H2 procedure upon detecting 1% H2. Another assumed mechanism includes the use of an on-board computer that is capable of shutting down H2 flow upon detecting a larger than 20 CFM leak (9.4 lt s-1) when the vehicle is dormant. In addition the HFCV was equipped with a valve that isolates H2 in the tank upon engine (fuel cell) shut down. This assumed isolation mechanism was designed to monitor and test for leaks upon vehicle shut down and prior to start up by the on-board computer. In the study most of the modelling scenarios were based on a 20 CFM leak from beneath the vehicle. This leak rate corresponded to a fuel cell power output of about 50 kW. For the considered below and above ground parking facilities and scenarios no modifications to the baseline structures were recommended. Existing ventilation in the below ground structure would dilute a 20-CFM hydrogen leak so that a flammable mixture would only exist in close proximity to the vehicle. Similarly, natural ventilation would dilute hydrogen leaks for the above ground parking facility.

References

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